President Cyril Ramaphosa’s recent address to the 78th Session of the United Nations General Assembly was a poignant reminder of the challenges facing humanity and the urgent need for global cooperation. In his speech, President Ramaphosa touched upon a wide range of issues, from conflicts and inequality to climate change and the importance of empowering women. This article sums up the key points of his address and highlights the imperative for collective action in the interest of Africa and the world.
President Ramaphosa began by reflecting on the UN’s establishment after World War II and its mission to promote peace, human rights, and a better life for all. However, he noted that the world still grapples with conflicts, inequality, and environmental crises, highlighting the erosion of solidarity and trust among nations.
The President emphasised South Africa’s unwavering commitment to diplomacy, dialogue, and negotiation as tools to prevent and end conflicts. He stressed the importance of human rights, justice, and adherence to international law. South Africa’s own journey from apartheid to democracy underscores the value of engaging all parties in conflict for peaceful resolutions.
President Ramaphosa highlighted South Africa’s participation in the African Peace Initiative, aimed at resolving the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Upholding the UN Charter’s principle of respecting territorial integrity is crucial in this endeavor. The President emphasised the need to avoid actions that exacerbate conflicts and called for investments in conflict prevention and peacebuilding.
Additionally, the President expressed concern over unconstitutional changes of government in some African nations and called for global support for peace efforts across the continent. The African Union’s commitment to partnering with the UN for peace, stability, and development was underscored.
He emphasised respecting the right to self-determination for the people of Western Sahara and called for peace in the Middle East. He expressed concern about the challenges to a two-state solution and stressed adherence to UN Charter principles in resolving conflicts.
Furthermore, President Ramaphosa touched on several critical global issues. South Africa called for the lifting of economic embargoes on Cuba and sanctions against Zimbabwe, emphasizing the suffering endured by ordinary citizens due to these measures. The President also stressed the importance of international cooperation and solidarity to bridge global wealth disparities, highlighting the need to focus on fundamental developmental challenges and secure financial support for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Empowering women and eliminating gender discrimination were central themes in President Ramaphosa’s speech. He emphasised the necessity of providing women with equal access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities. Additionally, the President expressed deep concern about Africa’s vulnerability to climate change, urging global leaders to accelerate decarbonisation efforts, provide financial support, and operationalize the Loss and Damage Fund to assist countries affected by climate disasters.
The president emphasised a renewed commitment to multilateralism. He called for more inclusive, representative, and democratic international institutions, particularly advocating for reforms within the UN Security Council. This reform should better reflect current global realities and enhance the voice of the African continent and the global south within the international community.
In his address to the UN General Assembly, President Cyril Ramaphosa highlighted the pressing challenges facing the world and the critical role of global cooperation in addressing them. His call for unity, peace, gender equality, and climate action resonates as a powerful reminder that the future of humanity depends on our collective will and commitment to securing a better world for all.
See the full speech below:
Statement by President Cyril Ramaphosa to the 78th Session of the United Nations General Assembly United Nations, New York
President of the 78th Session of the UN General Assembly, Mr Dennis Francis,
United Nations Secretary-General Mr António Guterres,
Excellencies Heads of State and Government,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Seventy-eight years ago, in the aftermath of
the Second World War, the nations of the world made a solemn commitment
to save future generations from the horror and the suffering of war.
Through the United Nations Charter these
nations accepted a shared mandate to foster peace and to promote
fundamental human rights, social progress and a better standard of life
for all.
And yet, as we gather here, much of humanity
is confronted by war and conflict, by want and hunger, by disease and
environmental disaster.
Solidarity and trust between states is being eroded.
Inequality, poverty and unemployment are deepening.
In these conditions and in the wake of a
devastating global pandemic, the achievement of the Sustainable
Development Goals seem increasingly remote.
At the moment when every human effort should
be directed towards the realisation of Agenda 2030, our attention and
our energies have once again been diverted by the scourge of war.
But these woes, these divisions, these seemingly intractable troubles, can and must be overcome.
Over millennia, the human race has
demonstrated an enormous capacity for resilience, adaptation,
innovation, compassion and solidarity.
At this moment, we are all called upon to reaffirm these essential qualities that define our common humanity.
These qualities must be evident in how we work together as a global community and as nations to end war and conflict.
Democratic South Africa has consistently
advocated for dialogue, negotiation and diplomacy to prevent and end
conflict and achieve lasting peace.
It has committed itself to the promotion of human rights, human dignity, justice, democracy and adherence to international law.
From the experience of our own journey from
apartheid to democracy, we value the importance of engaging all parties
to conflicts to achieve peaceful, just and enduring resolutions.
It is these principles that inform South
Africa’s participation in the African Peace Initiative, which seeks a
peaceful resolution of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
In this conflict, as in all conflicts, we have
insisted that the UN Charter’s principle of respect for the territorial
integrity of every country should be upheld.
Our participation in the African Peace
Initiative is informed by a desire to see an end to the suffering of
those most directly affected by the conflict and the millions on our
continent and across the world who, as a result of the conflict, are now
vulnerable to worsening hunger and deprivation.
As the international community, we must do everything within our means to enable meaningful dialogue, just as we should refrain from any actions that fuel the conflict.
As we confront other conflicts in several
parts of the world, including on our continent Africa, we need to be
investing in prevention and peacebuilding.
We support the call by the UN
Secretary-General in the New Agenda for Peace for Member States to
provide more sustainable and predictable financing to peacebuilding
efforts.
As a global community, we should be concerned
by recent incidents of unconstitutional changes of government in some
parts of Africa.
The global community needs to work alongside
the African Union to support peace efforts in the eastern DRC, Libya,
Sudan, Somalia, Mali, Central African Republic, South Sudan, northern
Mozambique, the Great Lakes Region, the Sahel, Niger and the Horn of
Africa.
The African Union Peace and Security Council
has declared that it stands ready to deepen its cooperation with the UN
Security Council to silence the guns on the African continent and to
achieve peace, stability and development.
We are called upon to remain true to the
founding principles of the United Nations, by recognising the
inalienable right of the people of Western Sahara to self-determination
in line with the relevant UN General Assembly resolutions.
We must work for peace in the Middle East. For
as long as the land of the Palestinians remains occupied, for as long
as their rights are ignored and their dignity denied, such peace will
remain elusive.
The actions of the Government of Israel have imperiledthe possibility of a viable two state solution.
The principles of the UN Charter on
territorial integrity and on the prohibition on the annexation of land
through the use of force must be applied in this situation.
South Africa continues to call for the lifting
of the economic embargo against Cuba, which has caused untold damage to
the country’s economy and people.
Sanctions against Zimbabwe should also be lifted as they are imposing untold suffering on ordinary Zimbabweans.
As many people around the world are confronted
by hunger and want the essential human qualities of cooperation and
solidarity must be evident in the actions we take to bridge the divide
between wealthy and poor.
We must summon the necessary will and resolve to regain the momentum towards the achievement of the 2030 Agenda.
This means that we must address the fundamental development challenges that have long characterised our unequal world.
To address the developmental challenges that
face many people in the world we required targeted investment,
technology transfer and capacity building support, especially in key
areas such as industrialisation, infrastructure, agriculture, water,
energy, education and health.
This also requires predictable and sustained
financial support, including supportive trade policies, from the
international community.
We call on our partners from wealthier countries to meet the financial commitments they have made.
It is a great concern that these wealthier
countries have failed to meet their undertakings to mobilise 100 billion
dollars a year for developing economies to take climate action.
We support the proposals outlined in the Secretary-General’s Sustainable Development Goals Stimulus.
In particular, we support the call to tackle
debt and debt distress, to massively scale up affordable long-term
financing to 500 billion dollars a year, and to expand contingency
financing to countries in need.
It is a grave indictment of this international
community that we can spend so much on war, but we cannot support
action that needs to be taken to meet the most basic needs of billions
of people.
The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals depends fundamentally on the empowerment of women in all spheres of life.
Social and economic progress will not be
possible unless we end gender discrimination. We must ensure that there
is equal access for women to health care, education and economic
opportunities.
We must pay particular attention to the
provision of adequate health services to every woman, child and
adolescent. By doing so, we will fundamentally improve the health and
well-being of all.
The empowerment of women must be central to the actions we now take towards the realisation of Agenda 2030.
The essential human qualities of innovation
and adaptation must be evident in the actions we take to prevent the
destruction of our planet.
Africa is warming faster than the rest of the world.
We are told that of the 20 climate hotspots in the world, 17 are in Africa.
Centuries after the end of the slave trade,
decades after the end of the colonial exploitation of Africa’s
resources, the people of our continent are once again bearing the cost
of the industrialisation and development of the wealthy nations of the
world.
This is a price that the people of Africa are no longer prepared to pay.
We urge global leaders to accelerate global decarbonisation while pursuing equality and shared prosperity.
We need to advance all three pillars of the
Paris Agreement – mitigation, adaptation and support – with equal
ambition and urgency.
African countries, alongside other developing
economy countries, need increased financial support to both implement
the 2030 Agenda and achieve their climate change goals in a
comprehensive and integrated manner.
We need to operationalise the Loss and Damage Fund for vulnerable countries hit hard by climate disasters, as agreed at COP27.
Africa has embraced this challenge.
Africa is determined to deploy smart, digital
and efficient green technologies to expand industrial production, boost
agricultural yields, drive growth and create sustained employment for
Africa’s people.
As the global community, we must ensure the
essential qualities that define our humanity are evident in the
institutions that manage the conduct of international relations.
We require institutions that are inclusive, representative, democratic and advance the interests of all nations.
We require a renewed commitment to multilateralism, based on clear rules and supported by effective institutions.
This is the moment to proceed with the reform
of the United Nations Security Council, to give meaning to the principle
of the sovereign equality of nations and to enable the council to
respond more effectively to current geopolitical realities.
We are pleased that the Common African Position on the reform of the Security Council is increasingly enjoying wide support.
This process must move to text-based negotiations, creating an opportunity for convergence between Member States.
We must ensure that the voice of the African
continent and the global South is strengthened in the United Nations and
broader multilateral system.
All the peoples represented here in this United Nations had their origins in Africa.
In Africa, they developed the tools and
capabilities to spread across the world and achievable remarkable feats
of development and progress.
Despite its history, despite the legacy of
exploitation and subjugation, despite the ongoing challenge of conflict
and instability, Africa is determined to regain its position as a site
of human progress.
Through the African Continental Free Trade
Area, which is creating a wider seamless trading area of low tariffs and
accelerated interconnectivity, African countries are mobilising their
collective means and resources to achieve shared prosperity.
Through the African Continental Free Trade
Area, African countries are establishing the foundation for a massive
increase in trade, accelerated infrastructure development, regional
integration and sustainable industrialisation.
As the global community, we have the means and
we have the desire to confront and overcome the enormous challenges
that face humanity today.
As the nations gathered here in this General
Assembly, let us demonstrate that we have both the will and the resolve
to secure a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable future for our world
and for the generations that will follow.
I thank you.
